10 Gigabit Ethernet Cabling Options in Data Center

10 Gigabit Ethernet or 10GbE is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second. Nowadays, 10 Gigabit Ethernet is gaining broader deployments by the increasing bandwidth requirements and the growth of enterprise applications. In the world of 10 Gigabit Ethernet, selecting the appropriate 10-gigabit physical media is a challenge, because 10GbE is offered in two broad categories: optical and copper. This article will introduce both optical and copper cabling options for 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

Fiber Optical Cabling

Single-mode fiber (SMF), typically with an optical core of approximately 9 μm (microns), has lower modal dispersion than multimode fiber. It is able to support distances of at least 10 km, depending on transmission speed, transceivers and the buffer credits allocated in the switches. While multimode fiber (MMF), with an optical core of either 50 μm or 62.5 μm, can support distances up to 600 m, depending on transmission speed and transceivers.

When planning data center cabling requirements, be sure to consider that a service life of 15-20 years can be expected for fiber optic cabling. Thus the cable chosen should support legacy, current and emerging data rates.

10GBASE-SR — a port type for multimode fiber, 10GBASE-SR cable is the most common type for fiber optic 10GbE cable. It is able to support an SFP+ connector with an optical transceiver rated for 10GbE transmission speed. 10GBASE-SR cable is known as “short reach” fiber optic cable.

10GBASE-LR — a port type for single-mode fiber, 10GBASE-LR cable is the “long reach” fiber optic cable. It is able to support a link length of 10 km.

OM3 and OM4 are multimode cables that are “laser optimized” and support 10GbE applications. The transmission distance can be up to 300 m and 400 m respectively.

Copper Cabling

Common types of 10GbE copper cables are as follows:

• 10GBASE-CR — the most common type of copper 10GbE cable, 10GBASE-CR cable uses an attached SFP+ connector and it is also known as a SFP+ direct attach copper (DAC). This fits into the same form factor connector and housing as the fiber optic cables with SFP+ connectors. Many 10GbE switches accept cables with SFP+ connectors, which support both copper and fiber optic cables.
• Passive and Active DAC — passive copper connections are common with many interfaces. As the transfer rates increase, passive copper does not provide the distance needed and takes up too much physical space. So the industry is moving towards an active copper type of interface for higher speed connections. Active copper connections include components that boost the signal, reduce the noise and work with smaller gauge cables, improving signal distance, cable flexibility and airflow.
• 10GBASE-T — 10GBASE-T cables are Cat6a (category 6 augmented). Supporting the higher frequencies required for 10GbE transmission, category 6a is required to reach the distance of 100 m (330 feet). Cables must be certified to at least 500 MHz to ensure 10GBASE-T compliance. Cat 6 cables may work in 10GBASE-T deployments up to 55 m (180 feet) depending on the quality of installation. Some 10GbE switches support 10GBASE-T (RJ45) connectors. 10GBASE-T offers the most flexibility, the lowest cost media, and is backward-compatible with existing 1 GbE networks.

Fiberstore Solutions for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

As one of the most professional optical manufacturers in China, Fiberstore’s solutions for 10 Gigabit Ethernet include 10G SFP+ fiber, 10G SFP+ DAC. Besides, we also supply high quality 10G transceivers, like X2-10GB-SR, SFP-10G-ZR, SFP-10G-SR, XFP-10GZR-OC192LR, etc.

1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet Over Category 5 Copper Cabling

1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet over Category 5 copper cabling is an attractive option for network managers for several reasons. It addresses the exploding bandwidth requirements on current networks that are the result of implementation of new applications and the increasing deployment of switching at the edges of the network. Gigabit Ethernet leverages the organization’s existing investment in Ethernet and Fast Ethernet infrastructures, and it provides a simple, cost-effective performance boost while continuing to use the dominant horizontal/floor-cabling medium.

1000BASE-T Key Specifications

1000BASE-T is specified to run over four pairs of Category 5 balanced cabling. The 1000BASE-T standard leverages the existing cable infrastructure as it is specified to operate up to 100 meters on Category 5 cabling. The other key specifications of 1000BASE-T make it a cost-effective, non-disruptive, and high-performing technology. First, it supports the Ethernet MAC, and is thus backward compatible with a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet. Second, many 1000BASE-T products will support 100/1000 auto-negotiation, and therefore 1000BASE-T can be incrementally deployed in a Fast Ethernet network. Third, 1000BASE-T is a high-performing technology with less than one erroneous bit in 10 billion transmitted bits. This bit error rate of less than 10 – 10 is the same error rate as that of 100BASE-T.

Why 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet Over Category 5 Copper Cabling?

• Exploding bandwidth requirements

New bandwidth-intensive applications are being deployed over Ethernet and Fast Ethernet networks. These applications include the following:
Internet and intranet applications that create any-to-any traffic patterns with servers distributed across the enterprise, and users accessing web sites inside and outside the corporate network; these applications tend to make traffic patterns and bandwidth requirements increasingly unpredictable. Data warehousing and backup applications that handle gigabytes or terabytes of data distributed among hundreds of servers and storage systems. Bandwidth-intensive, latency-sensitive groupware applications, such as desktop video conferencing or interactive whiteboarding.

• Significant investment in Ethernet/Fast Ethernet infrastructure

Ethernet is the dominant, ubiquitous LAN technology. According to industry analyst International Data Corporation (IDC) in Framingham, MA, more than 85 percent of all installed network connections were Ethernet at the end of 1997, representing more than 118 million interconnected PCs, workstations, and servers. The deployment of Ethernet/Fast Ethernet networks involves investment in network interface cards (NICs), hubs, and switches, as well as in-network management capabilities, staff training and skills, and cabling infrastructure.

• A simple, cost-effective performance boost on existing Category 5 cabling

1000BASE-T offers a simple, cost-effective migration of Ethernet/Fast Ethernet networks toward high-speed networking and also has the following benefits:
1000BASE-T scales Ethernet 10/100 Mbps performance to 1000 Mbps. 1000BASE-T is the most cost-effective, high-speed networking technology available now. 1000BASE-T leverages existing, proven Fast Ethernet and V.90/56K modem technologies and will experience the same cost curve as the Ethernet/Fast Ethernet technologies. 1000BASE-T is significantly more cost-efficient than 1000BASE-SX (Fiber Gigabit) among all LAN technologies. 1000BASE-T preserves Ethernet equipment and infrastructure investments, including the investment in the installed Category 5 cabling infrastructure. There is no need to undergo the timeconsuming and high-cost task of replacing cabling located in walls, ceilings, or raised floors.

Fiberstore 1000BASE-T Copper SFP Transceiver

Fiberstore’s 1000BASE-T copper small form pluggable (SFP) transceivers are based on the SFP Multi Source Agreement (MSA). They are compatible with the Gigabit Ethernet and 1000BASE-T standards as specified in IEEE Std 802.3. For instance, HP J8177C X121 compatible 1000BASE-T SFP copper RJ45 transceiver for 100m reach over Cat 5 UTP cable uses the SFP’s RX_LOS pin for link indication and supports 1000BASE-T operation on the host system. Another example is Brocade XBR-000190 compatible 1000BASE-TX SFP copper RJ45 transceiver which offers the same function with Brocade E1MG-TX/XBR-000190 and fully compatible with Brocade devices.

Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules

The Cisco10GBASE SFP+ modules is one of the most popular kinds of transceivers which offers customers a wide variety of 10 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, enterprise wiring closet, and service provider transport applications.

Main features of Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ modules include: it has the smallest 10G form factor ,hot-swappable input/output device that plugs into an Ethernet SFP+ port of a Cisco switch and optical inter operability with 10GBASE XENPAK, 10GBASE X2, and 10GBASE XFP interfaces on the same link. What;s more, it supports not only 10GBASE Ethernet and OTU2/OTU2e, “pay-as-you-populate” model, digital optical monitoring capability, but also the Cisco quality identification (ID) feature that enables a Cisco switch to identify whether the module is certified and tested by Cisco. The followings are some different kinds of Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ modules.

Cisco SFP-10G-SR

The Cisco SFP-10G-SR module supports link length of 26m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)-grade multimode fiber (MMF). Using 2000MHz*km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Using 4700MHz*km MMF (OM4), up to 400m link lengths are possible.

Cisco SFP 10G-SR-X

The Cisco SFP-10G-SR-X is a 10GBASE-SR module for extended operating temperature range. It supports a link length of 26m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)-grade multimode fiber (MMF). Using 2000MHz*km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Using 4700MHz*km MMF (OM4), up to 400m link lengths are possible.

Cisco SFP-10G-LRM

The Cisco 10GBASE-LRM module supports link lengths of 220m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) grade multimode fiber (MMF). To ensure that specifications are met over FDDI-grade, OM1 and OM2 fibers, the transmitter should be coupled through a mode conditioning patch cord. No mode conditioning patch cord is required for applications over OM3 or OM4. The Cisco 10GBASE-LRM module also supports link lengths of 300m on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

Cisco FET-10G

The Cisco FET-10G fabric extender transceiver support link lengths up to 100m on laser-optimized OM3 or OM4 multimode fiber. It is supported on fabric links only from a Nexus 2000 to a Cisco parent switch. Note this product is not orderable individually.

Cisco SFP-10G-LR

The Cisco 10GBASE-LR module supports a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

Cisco SFP-10G-LR-X

The Cisco SFP-10G-LR-X is a multirate 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-LW and OTU2/OTU2e module for extended operating temperature range. It supports a link length of 10 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

Cisco SFP-10G-ER

The Cisco 10GBASE-ER module supports a link length of up to 40 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).

Cisco SFP-10G-ZR

The Cisco SFP-10G-ZR is a multirate 10GBASE-ZR, 10GBASE-ZW and OTU2/OTU2e module. It supports link lengths of up to about 80 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652). This interface is not specified as part of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard and is instead built according to Cisco specifications.

Fiberstore is a leading supplier of SFP+ transceivers. We have a large selection of SFP+ transceivers in stock, such us SFP+ MM 300m, SFP+ 10km, SFP+ 40km, SFP+ 80km, CWDM SFP+, DWDM SFP+, BiDi SFP+, etc. All of our SFP+ transceivers are tested in-house prior to shipping to ensure that they will arrive in perfect physical and working condition. We offer our customers with high-performance and cost-effective products to fulfill their requirements, contributing this way to the customer's success and satisfaction.

How Much Do You Know About 40G QSFP+ Transceiver

QSFP+ transceiver is a hot-swappable, parallel fiber-optical module with four independent optical transmit and receive channels. These channels can terminate in another 40-Gigabit QSFP transceiver, or the channels can be broken out to four separate 10-Gigabit SFP+ transceivers. For instance, QSFP-40G-SR provides four channels of data in one pluggable interface and each channel is capable of transferring data at 10 Gbps and supports a total of 40 Gbps. It uses 38 position connector and Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) plugs are offered for empty ports to interface networking hardware to a fiber optic cable. The QSFP product family includes cages in single and ganged configurations with various heat sink and lightpipe options.

Features and Benefits:

• Support for 40GBASE Ethernet
• Hot-swappable input/output device that plugs into a 40-Gigabit Ethernet QSFP+ Cisco switch port
• Flexibility of interface choice
• Interoperable with other IEEE-compliant 40GBASE interfaces available in various form factors
• Support for “pay-as-you-populate” model
• Support for the Cisco quality identification (ID) feature which enables a Cisco switch to identify whether the module is certified and tested by Cisco.

The QSFP+ transceiver link length for either 40 Gigabit Ethernet or high density 10 Gigabit Ethernet application is up to 100 m using OM3 fiber or 150 m using OM4 fiber. These modules are designed to operate over multimode fiber systems using a nominal wavelength of 850nm. The electrical interface uses a 38 contact edge type connector. The optical interface uses an 8 or 12 fiber MTP (MPO) connector.

The 40G QSFP+ transceiver module integrates 4 independent 10 gigabit per second data lanes in each direction to provide 40Gbps aggregate bandwidth. 40GBASE QSFP+ modules offer customers a wide variety of high-density 40 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, high-performance computing networks, enterprise core and distribution layers, and service provider transport applications. The QSFP+ transceiver module connects the electrical circuitry of the system with either a copper or an optical external network. The transceiver is used primarily in short reach applications in switches, routers, and data center equipment where it provides higher density than SFP+ modules.

The QSFP specification supports Ethernet, Fibre Channel, InfiniBand and SONET/SDH standards with different data rate options. QSFP+ transceivers are designed to support Serial Attached SCSI, 40G Ethernet, 20G/40G Infiniband, and other communications standards. QSFP modules increase the port-density by nearly 3x when compared to SFP module. The QSFP transceiver include 40GBASE-SR4 and 40GBASE-LR4 for different applications.

40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ transceiver supports link lengths of 100 meters and 150 meters, respectively, on laser-optimized OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers. While 40GBASE-LR4 QSFP+ transceiver supports link lengths of up to 10 kilometers over a standard pair of G.652 single-mode fiber with duplex LC connectors. For example, HP JH232A compatible 40GBASE-LR4 QSFP+ transceiver from Fiberstore supports link lengths of 10km on single mode fiber cable, at a wavelength of 1310nm. It primarily enables high-bandwidth 40G optical links with duplex LC connectors and can also be used in a 4x10G module for interoperability with 10GBASE-LR interfaces.  

Fiberstore provides a full range of 40G QSFP+ transceivers including single-mode and multi-mode with different channels and wavelengths. In addition to 40Gbps Ethernet interconnects, they can be used in switches, routers, as well as data aggregation and backplane applications. All these fiber optic transceivers are 100% compatible with major brands like Cisco, HP, Juniper, Nortel, Force10, D-link, 3Com. They are backed by a lifetime warranty, and you can buy with confidence. We also can customize optical transceivers to fit your specific requirements.

Fiber Optic Connectivity Options for 40G Infrastructure

Dramatic growth in data center throughput has led to the increasing usage and demand for higher speed and more bandwidths. The speed of data center now is increasing to 40 Gbps and eventually to 100 Gbps. Thus, new optical technologies and cabling infrastructure are required. This article will introduce some commonly used fiber optic cabling connectivity options for 40G infrastructure.

Pluggable Optical Modules: 40G QSFP+ Transceivers

As is known to all, fiber optic transceiver is a device that both transmits and receives data. It is the key component in fiber optic transmission. The basic interface of 40G pluggable optical modules are 40GBASE-LR4 and 40GBASE-SR4 in QSFP+ form factor.

40GBASE-LR4 QSFP+: 40GBASE-LR4 transceiver supports with a link length up to 10 kilometers over 1310 nm single mode fiber with LC connector. It is most commonly deployed between data-center or IXP sites with single mode fiber.

40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+: 40GBASE-SR4 transceivers are used in data centers to interconnect two Ethernet switches with 8 fiber parallel multimode fiber OM3/OM4 cables. It can support the transmission distance up to 100 m with OM3 fiber and 150 m with OM4 fiber. The optical interface of 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ is MPO/MTP.

In addition, for single-mode fiber transmission, there are 40GBASE-LR4 Parallel Single Mode (PSM) transceivers which are used to provide support for up to four 10Gbps Ethernet connections on a QSFP+ port over single mode fiber at distances up to 10 km. For multimode fiber transmission, QSFP+ extended SR4 transceivers are developed which is designed with optimized VCSEL with better performance of RMS spectral width compared with QSFP+ SR4. QSFP+ extended SR4 transceivers can support transmission distance up to 300 m with OM3 fiber and 400 m with OM4.

Passive & Active Direct Attach Copper Cables

The QSFP+ passive or active direct attach copper cables are designed with twinax copper cable and terminated with QSFP+ connectors. The main difference between passive QSFP+ DAC and active QSFP+ DAC is that the passive one is without the active component. They provide short distance (same shelf) inexpensive connectivity at up to 40Gbps rates and operate 4 independent 10G channels using the QSFP connector footprint. Each of the four channels can operate at multi-rate speeds Gigabit to 10Gbps. For example, Juniper QFX-QSFP-DACBO-3M compatible QSFP+ to 4SFP+ copper direct attach cables are suitable for very short distances and offer a very cost-effective way to establish a 40-gigabit link between QSFP port and SFP+ port of Juniper switches within racks and across adjacent racks.

Active Optical Cable (AOC) Assemblies

Active Optical Cable (AOC) is used for short-range multi-lane data communication and interconnect applications. It uses electrical-to-optical conversion on the cable ends to improve speed and distance performance of the cable without sacrificing compatibility with standard electrical interfaces. AOC brings a more flexible cabling than direct attach copper cables with the advantages of lighter weigth, longer transmission distance and higher performance for anti-EMI. Now, 40G AOC assemblies are popular with users.

Fiberstore offers a comprehensive solution for 40G fiber optic cabling connectivity. Apart from the above-mentioned cabling connectivity options, there are also some typical cabling components you will require when building 40G cabling, such as MTP trunk cables, MTP cassettes, LC to MTP jumpers and so on.

Common Types of Fiber Optic Transceivers

Fiber optic transceivers are devices that both transmit and receive data. Fiber optic transceiver is typically used in computer networks to translate signals between optical and electric networks. In other words, the sending side of it transfers the electrical signals into optical signals, and then transmitted by the fiber, the receiving side transfers the optical signals into electrical signals. This article will introduce the common types of fiber optic transceivers on the market.

SFP Transceiver Module

SFP is short for Small Form-factor Pluggables, unlike GBIC transceiver with SC fiber optic interfaces is with LC interface and the main body size of SFP is only about half of GBIC, which makes SFP space saving. SFP transceiver module is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. SFP modules are commonly available in several different categories:850nm 550m multi-mode fiber (SX), 1310nm 10km single-mode fiber (LX), 1490nm 10km single-mode fiber (BS-D), 1550nm 40km (XD), 80 km (ZX), 120 km (EX or EZX), 1490nm 1310nm (BX), single fiber bi-directional gigabit SFP transceivers, copper SFP with RJ45 connector, CWDM SFPs, DWDM SFPs, SGMII SFPs, etc. The following Cisco GLC-LH-SMD compatible 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceiver provided by Fiberstore is high performance and cost-effective module operating at the wavelength of 1310nm and supporting 10km transmission distance over single-mode fiber.

SFP + Transceiver Module

As its name suggests, SFP+ transceiver module (small form-factor pluggable plus) is an upgraded version of the SFP transceiver module that supports data rates up to 10Gbit/s. SFP+ transceiver modules are with lower power consumption for less than 1W and it is even cost effective. These optical transceivers are with managed digital optical monitoring and superior high temperature performance. SFP+ supports 8 Gbit/s Fiber Channel, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and Optical Transport Network standard OTU2. It is a popular industry format supported by many network component vendors. In comparison to earlier XENPAK or XFP module, SFP+ module is with more compact size and measurement, leave more circuitry to be implemented on the host board instead of inside the module. Consideration has to be given to whether the module is linear or limiting. Linear SFP+ modules are most appropriate for 10GBASE-LRM; otherwise, limiting modules are preferred.

XFP Transceiver Module

XFP are standardized 10GBASE hot-swappable and protocol-independent modules. They typically operate at optical wavelengths of 850 nm, 1310 nm or 1550 nm. Principal applications include 10 Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gbit/s Fiber Channel, Synchronous optical networking (SONET) at OC-192 rates, Synchronous optical networking STM-64, 10 Gbit/s Optical Transport Network (OTN) OTU-2, and parallel optics links. They can operate over a single wavelength or use DWDM techniques. XFP modules use an LC fiber connector type to achieve high density. XFP modules are commonly available in several different categories: SR - 850 nm, for a maximum of 300 m, LR - 1310 nm, for distances up to 10 km, ER - 1550 nm, for distances up to 40 km, ZR - 1550 nm, for distances up to 80 km. The XFP packaging was smaller than the XENPAK form-factor.

QSFP+ Transceiver Module

QSFP+ interfaces a network device motherboard (for a switch, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic cable. It is an industry format jointly developed and supported by many network component vendors, supporting data rates from 4x10 Gbit/s. The QSFP+ transceiver supports Ethernet, Fiber Channel, InfiniBand and SONET/SDH standards with different data rate options. For example, HP JG709A compatible QSFP+ transceiver from Fiberstore supports link lengths of 300m over multimode fibers, at a wavelength of 850nm. It primarily enables high-bandwidth 40G optical links over 12-fiber parallel fiber terminated with MPO multifiber connectors and can also be used in a 4x10G module for interoperability with 10GBASE-SR interfaces.

CFP Transceiver Module

CFP is a multi-source agreement to produce a common form-factor for the transmission of high-speed digital signals. The "C" stands for the Latin letter C used to express the number 100 (centum), since the standard was primarily developed for 100 Gigabit Ethernet systems. The CFP was designed after the SFP interface, but is significantly larger to support 100 Gbit/s. CFP transceiver supports a wide range of 40 and 100 Gb/s applications such as 40G and 100G Ethernet, OC-768/STM-256, OTU3, and OTU4. Different versions of CFP modules can support various link distances over either multimode or single mode fiber optics. The CFP module includes numerous innovative features like advanced thermal management, EMI management and enhanced signal integrity design, as well as an MDIO-based management interface.

Fiberstore provides a full range of optical transceivers, such as SFP+ (SFP Plus) transceiver, X2 transceiver, XENPAK transceiver, XFP transceiver, SFP (Mini GBIC) transceiver, GBIC transceiver, CWDM/DWDM transceiver, 40G QSFP+ & CFP, 3G-SDI video SFP, WDM Bi-Directional transceiver and PON transceiver. All these fiber optic transceivers are 100% compatible with major brands like Cisco, HP, Juniper, Nortel, Force10, D-link, 3Com. They are backed by a lifetime warranty, and you can buy with confidence. We also can customize optical transceivers to fit your specific requirements.

40GBASE-SR4 QSFP + Transceiver Overview

QSFP+ interfaces a network device motherboard (for a switch, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic cable. It is an industry format jointly developed and supported by many network component vendors, supporting data rates from 4x10 Gbit/s. The 40GBASE QSFP+ modules offer customers a wide variety of high-density 40 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, high-performance computing networks, enterprise core and distribution layers, and service provider transport applications.

The IEEE 802.3ba committee ratified the 40 Gigabit Ethernet standard and along with the general specification, defined a number of fiber optic interfaces. The 40G QSFP+ standard interfaces include QSFP-40G-SR4, QSFP-40G-CSR4, QSFP-40GE-LR4, etc. The following part will mainly introduce the 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ transceiver.

Specifications of 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP + Transceiver

The 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ transceiver modules support link lengths of 100m and 150m respectively on laser-optimized OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers. It primarily enables high-bandwidth 40G optical links over 12-fiber parallel fiber terminated with MPO/MTP multifiber connectors. And also, it can be used in a 4 x 10G mode for interoperability with 10GBASE-SR interfaces up to 100m and 150m on OM3 and OM4 fibers respectively. The worry-free 4 x 10G mode operation is enabled by the optimization of the transmit and receive optical characteristics of the QSFP-40G-SR4 to prevent receiver overload or unnecessary triggering of alarm thresholds on the 10GBASE-SR receiver, at the same time being fully interoperable with all standard 40GBASE-SR4 interfaces. The 4 x 10G connectivity is achieved by using an external 12-fiber parallel to 2-fiber duplex breakout cable, which connects the 40GBASE-SR4 module to four 10GBASE-SR optical interfaces. Below is a picture of 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ transceiver.

Comparison Between QSFP-40G-SR4 and QSFP-40G-CSR4

40GBASE-CSR4 QSFP modules extend the reach of the IEEE 40GBASE-SR4 interface to 300 and 400 meters on laser-optimized OM3 and OM4 multimode parallel fiber, respectively. Each 10-gigabit lane of this module is compliant to IEEE 10GBASE-SR specifications. This module can be used for native 40G optical links over 12-fiber parallel cables with MPO/MTP female connectors or in a 4x10G mode with parallel to duplex fiber breakout cables for connectivity to four 10GBASE-SR interfaces. Cisco compatible QSFP-40G-CSR4 transceiver from Fiberstore is optimized to guarantee interoperability over the complete specification range of 10GBASE-SR.

Fiberstore 40G QSFP + Solutions

As the leading and professional supplier in the optical communication industry, Fiberstore offers high quality 40G QSFP+ transceivers including 40GB-LR4-QSFP, QSFP-40G-CSR4, QSFP-40G-PLR4, QSFP-40G-SR4, etc. All these transceivers are 100% compatible with major brands like Cisco, HP, Juniper, Nortel, Force10, D-link, 3Com. If you’re connecting an optical jumper cable from the 40G QSFP+ transceiver module in a switch port straight to a server interface, you’ll need a brief cable using the correct cable connectors on each side. If you’re connecting a 40G QSFP+ transceiver module in a switch port to an optical connector termination for your data center or cabling closet, it will require a cable with different types of optical connectors on both ends.

QSFP Transceiver Overview

In order to find a cost effective way to increase date rate, multiple communications companies announced the release of a quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP) optical module specification in its final form in December 4, 2006. The QSFP specification defines a highly integrated four-channel optical transceiver to provide increased port density and total system cost savings when replacing four standard SFP transceiver modules. Since then, the 40GBASE QSFP module has become a dominant 40G optical transceiver and offers customers a wide variety of high-density 40 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, high-performance computing networks, enterprise core and distribution layers, and service provider transport applications.

What Is QSFP Transceiver

QSFP transceiver module is a hot-swappable, parallel fiber-optical module with four independent optical transmit and receive channels. These channels can terminate in another 40-Gigabit QSFP transceiver, or the channels can be broken out to four separate 10-Gigabit SFP+ transceivers. For instance, QSFP-40G-SR provides four channels of data in one pluggable interface and each channel is capable of transferring data at 10 Gbps and supports a total of 40 Gbps. QSFP transceiver is an industry format jointly developed and supported by many network component vendors, allowing data rates from 4x10 Gbps. The QSFP product family includes cages in single and ganged configurations with various heat sink and lightpipe options. It uses 38 position connector and Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) plugs are offered for empty ports to interface networking hardware to a fiber optic cable.

Advantages of QSFP Transceiver

The QSFP transceiver is designed with form factor, optical/electrical connection and digital diagnostic interface according to the QSFP Multi-Source Agreement (MSA). It has been designed to meet the harshest external operating conditions including temperature, humidity and EMI interference. The module offers very high functionality and feature integration, accessible via a two-wire serial interface. The quad small-form-factor pluggable (QSFP) is a full-duplex optical module with four independent transmit and receive channels designed to replace four single-channel SFPs in a package only about 30% larger than the standard SFP. The port density is three times higher than traditional SFP designs. As a result, the QSFP transceiver offers customers a wide variety of high-density and low-power 40 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, high-performance computing networks, enterprise core and distribution layers, and service provider applications.

Applications of QSFP Transceiver

The QSFP specification accommodates Ethernet, Fibre Channel, InfiniBand and SONET/SDH standards with different data rate options. The QSFP transceiver modules can be connected to both copper and optical cables. In the process of transmitting data, the QSFP transceiver converts parallel electrical input signals into parallel optical signals by a driven Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) array. All data signals are differential and the data rate can be up to 10 Gbps per channel. As the QSFP transceivers are used to interface networking hardware to a fiber optic cable, the choice of them depends on many factors, like the transport media, the connector type, transmission distance, wavelength, etc. For example, Fiberstore provides various kinds of QSFP transceivers like Cisco QSFP-40G-ER4 compatible 40GBASE-ER4 transceiver which supports link lengths of 40 km on single-mode fiber cable at a wavelength of 1310nm.

QSFP transceivers supplied by Fiberstore offer customers a wide variety of high-density and low-power 40 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, high-performance computing networks, enterprise core and distribution layers, as well as service provider applications.

How Much do You Know About DAC

With the economics-driven growth of fiber communication networks over the past few decades, there is an increasing demand for cables which can provide a lower-power means for operation on short fiber optic links or short copper connections such as the direct attach cables (DAC) that will be described in this article.

What is DAC

A direct attach cable (DAC) is a fixed assembly that is purchased at a given length, with the connector modules permanently attached to each end of the cable. The direct attach cable is designed to use the same port as an optical transceiver, but compared with optical transceivers, the connector modules attached to the DAC leave out the expensive optical lasers and other electronic components, thus achieving significant cost savings and power savings in short reach applications.

Types of DAC

According to the cables used, the direct attach cables include copper cable assemblies and fiber optic cable assemblies. Besides, DAC cable assemblies can also be classified into 10G SFP+ cables, 40G QSFP+ cables, and 120G CXP cables according to the data rate supported by different connector modules.

In addition, direct attach copper cable can be divided into active and passive versions. In the active direct attach copper cable, there are signal processing electronics in the modules to improve signal quality and provide a longer cable distance. Otherwise, direct attach copper cable is considered passive. However copper cable is heavy and bulky, in order to overcome the disadvantages, active optical cable (AOC) assembly is booming in the market. AOC provides more advantages, such as lighter weight, high performance, low power consumption, low interconnection loss,etc. Take Cisco QSFP-4X10G-AOC10M compatible QSFP+ to 4SFP+ breakout AOC for example, it offers a very cost-effective way to establish a 40-gigabit link between QSFP port and SFP+ port of Cisco switches because of the low power consumption and high performance.

What’s more, we can also divide the DAC according to the number of connectors on the end of the cable. Most DAC assemblies have one module on each end of the cable. But there is a special kind of DAC assembly which may have 3 or 4 modules on one end of the cable. For instance, Cisco QSFP-4SFP10G-CU1M compatible QSFP+ to 4SFP+ passive breakout copper cable from Fiberstore has a single QSFP+ module rated for 40-Gbps on one end and four SFP+ modules, each rated for 10-Gbps, on the other end.

Directions for Use

A direct attach cable is used to connect one mobility access switch with another when forming a stack. Let’s take the 10G SFP+ copper connection components for example. When a SFP+ port supports a direct attach connection, all you need to do is to insert the SFP+ module on the end of the direct attach cable into the port until it latches. If we want to replace it with a direct attach fiber cable, the first step is to remove the SFP+ direct attach copper cable from the port by pulling gently on the rubber loop (see Figure1). When the port is empty, hold the SFP+ connector attached on a direct attach fiber cable by its sides and insert it into the port (see Figure2). Make sure that it clicks firmly into place.

As the main fiber optical manufacturer in China, Fiberstore provides various kinds of high speed interconnect DAC assemblies including 10G SFP+ cables, 40G QSFP+ cables, 120G CXP cables and so on. All of our direct attach cables can meet high demand to cost-effectively deliver more bandwidth, and can be customized to meet different requirements.

How to Choose the 40G Transceivers

With the economics-driven growth of global regional and local fiber communication network over the past few decades, the IEEE 802.3 ba 40Gb/s Ethernet standard was published in June, 2010. In order to meet the data transmission needs in the market, a high-performance and flexible implementation of the IEEE 802.32012 for 40Gbps Ethernet - 40GBase optical transceivers are developed and widely used. The 40GBase optical networking equipment transfers data at a rate of 40 gigabits per second over Ethernet.

40GBase optical transceivers, compliant to the IEEE standards mainly include CFP and QSFP (quad small form-factor pluggable). Today, let’s mainly discuss on how to choose the 40G QSFP transceiver. As the 40-Gigabit QSFP transceivers are used to interface networking hardware to a fiber optic cable, the choice of them depends on many factors, like the media system, the connector type, transmission distance, wavelength, etc. Thus we should consider all these factors comprehensively before we choose the 40G QSFP transceivers.

Transport Media

Choose the right transceivers according to the transport media, namely the fiber type. According to the IEEE 802.3 ba 40Gb/s Ethernet standard, there are three types of transceivers used respectively in three types of transport media: copper, single mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF).

• Copper: 40GBASE-CR4 is a direct attach cable segment with the QSFP+ modules attached to each end of the cable. It reaches 40 Gb/s Ethernet over four short-range twinaxial copper cables bundled as a single cable over a standard pair of G.652 single-mode fiber. For example, Juniper EX-QSFP-40GE-DAC-50CM compatible QSFP+ to QSFP+ copper direct attach cable is suitable for very short distances and offers a very cost-effective way to establish a 40-Gigabit link between QSFP ports of Juniper switches within racks and across adjacent racks.
• SMF: 40GBASE-LR4 transceiver reaches 40 Gb/s Ethernet over four wavelengths carried by a singlemode fiber optic cable.
• MMF: 40GBASE-SR4 transceiver reaches 40 Gb/s Ethernet over four short-range multimode fiber optic cables.

Connector Type

Choose the right transceivers which are compliant with the proper connectors. The connectors widely-used mainly have following types: Duplex LC connector, MPO connector, and MTP connector (a high performance MPO connector). For instance, Cisco QSFP-40GBD-SR transceiver is compliant with the Duplex LC connector, while Arista QSFP-40G-PLR4 transceiver is compliant with the MPO connector.

Transmission Distance

When we choose the ideal transceivers, we must consider the transmission distance and the reach requirements we need in reality. The most common types of transceivers divided by its transmission distance can reach up to 100m, 150m, 300m, 400m, 1km, 2km, 10km, 40km, etc. For example, Cisco QSFP-40G-CSR4 compatible QSFP+ transceiver provided by Fiberstore supports link lengths of 82m, 300m and 400m, respectively on OM2, OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers at a wavelength of 850nm. And some others, like QSFP-40G-ER4 transceiver which supports link lengths of 40km on single-mode fiber cable is designed to use in long distance transmission.

Wavelength

The wavelength the transceivers operate with is an important factor in choosing the proper transceivers. For instance, QSFP-40G-LX4 transceiver converts 4 inputs channels (1271nm, 1291nm,1311nm, 1331nm) of 10Gb/s electrical data to 4 CWDM optical signals, and multiplexes them into a single channel for 40Gb/s optical transmission. While some other transceivers like QSFP-40GBD-SR consists of two 20-Gbps transmit and receive channels in the 832-918 nm wavelength range.

Fiberstore provides various types of 40G QSFP transceivers including single-mode and multi-mode with different channels and wavelengths. In order to achieve a fast and successful selection of the 40G QSFP transceivers, we should consider all the above-mentioned factors comprehensively.

Three Different Types of Transceivers

There are numerous types of transceivers available that can be used in a variety of applications including radio applications and telecommunications applications. Different specifications and designs are employed to meet the changing needs of designers. This article will introduce three primary types of transceivers used in today’s telecommunication systems.

SFP Transceiver

The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact and hot-pluggable transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. The form factor and electrical interface are specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA). It interfaces a network device motherboard (for a switch, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic or copper networking cable. SFP was one of the most popular versions of transceivers until the enhanced version was introduced. Select the SFP devices for the best results.

Fiberstore’s SFP transceivers are available for designers to use in a variety of applications. These transceivers come in a variety of transmitter and receiver types. Users can select an appropriate transceiver by reviewing several different categories. Some common categories include: copper and fiber, single-mode and multi-mode, SX (transmits up to 550m at 1.25 Gb/s), LX (transmits up to 10 km), and BX (transmits up to 10 km). For example, HP J8177C compatible 1000BASE-T SFP copper transceiver is high performance and cost-effective transceiver for 100m distance over Cat 5 UTP cable.

SFP+ Transceiver

The enhanced small form-factor pluggable (SFP+) is an enhanced version of SFP and is designed to support data rates up to 10 Gbit/s. SFP+ was designed to have higher port density compared to SFP. The SFP+ specification was first published on May 9, 2006, and version 4.1 published on July 6, 2009. SFP+ supports 8Gbit/s Fiber Channel, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and Optical Transport Network standard OTU2. The SFP+ product family includes cages, connectors, and copper cable assemblies. The SFP+ transceiver modules are specified for 8Gbps/10Gbps/16Gbps Fiber Channel and 10-Gigabit Ethernet applications. In addition, they have the ability to connect to a variety of different types of optical fiber and are highly flexible. That’s why they are so desirable to designers.

XFP Transceiver

XFP transceiver is a hot-pluggable and protocol-independent 10 Gbit/s optical transceiver designed to help drive cost and power consumption out of 10 Gbit/s optical networking applications. This particular XFP specification was developed by the XFP Multi-Source Agreement Group. XFP transceivers are capable of operating at wavelengths of 850 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm. They are capable of operating at a single wavelength or through the use of dense wavelength-division multiplexing techniques.

There are a variety of transceiver types available, but the most popular ones include: SR (850 nm and can transmit up to 300 m), LR, ER, and ZR. LR is 1310 nm and can transmit distances up to 10 km. For example, Juniper XFP-10G-L-OC192-SR1 compatible 10GBASE-LR XFP transceiver from Fiberstore operates at a wavelength of 1310 nm at up to 10km links. ER is characterized by 1550 nm and can transmit distances of 40 km. ZR can transmit distances up to 80 km. Designers prefer to use XFP packaging because it has a smaller footprint than other devices.

Choose the Best Transceiver for Your Design

There are also other types of transceivers apart from the above-mentioned. Since there are so many types of transceivers, try to find the best transceiver for your design and applications. When the design is optimized, everything seems to fall into place for the end user. The reliability of your design will improve, and your end-user will reap the benefits of a system that will stand the test of time and the rigors of a stressful environment.

Benefits of Pluggable Fiber Optic Transceivers

Fiber plug-and-play solutions for data center applications are necessary to transmit data with a high degree of integrity, reliability, and efficiency. At the same time, pluggable fiber optic transceivers are becoming more and more popular. There are many benefits of pluggable optical transceivers. For instance, a 120km reach module can have low power consumption and a small footprint. These modules are designed to simplify wavelength management and provide a solution to fiber exhaust. Here are some more benefits that explain why pluggable optical transceivers are so important in data center communications.

Easy to Replace or Repair

Pluggable fiber optic transceivers are easy to replace or repair and can be placed into a variety of applications. In most cases, they do not have to be powered down for replacement. This is why most designers prefer pluggable optical transceivers. SFP pluggable devices are recommended. If the device malfunctions or requires an upgrade, it will be easy with a pluggable fiber optic transceiver. When you open the device to replace the transceiver, it only requires a few simple steps, and the process is complete. Experts can help with the process, but most people with some technical skills can perform the process easily.

Compatible With Many Other Devices

Pluggable optical transceivers are compatible with many other devices including discrete components. They are also compatible to multiple setups across both fiber optic and copper channels. Whether you need both long or short distance communication, SFP transceivers can help. The electronics are universal and will ensure that meets Gigabit standards for all types of networks. Besides, designers do not have to get new hardware every time a transceiver needs replacement. For example, Cisco GLC-LH-SMD compatible transceiver provided by Fiberstore offers the same function with Cisco branded GLC-LH-SMD and is fully compatible with Cisco SFP devices.

Communication Distance

SFP transceivers are adept at passing data and information across fiber from one network to the next. Communication is possible because of the copper wiring or fiber optics through which signals are being sent. Optical transceiver modules are also capable of helping to deliver signals. Networks can generate both long and short distance communication, and there are transceivers to handle both types of communication.

Data Rate

Transceivers, typically, are sold with a set speed that moves data. The faster data can reach its destination, the faster decisions can be made. Pluggable optical transceivers which support selectable data rates can create self-healing redundant links for mission critical applications or support physical layer multicast broadcasts of any protocol within its range. Most applications require a faster data transfer rate, but “how fast” will depend upon the application. For instance, Finisar FTLF8524P2BNV SFP transceiver can support up to 4.25Gb/s bi-directional data links to maximum 15om distance and 2.125Gb/s data rate to maximum 300m when using different types of fiber cables.

There are numerous benefits of pluggable fiber optic transceivers. The benefits make them valuable to any network. Because of the universality of the transceivers, they can operate in many different types of networks. That’s why pluggable fiber optic transceivers are preferred by many designers because they are flexible, scalable, and affordable. In the future, designers hope to make them more compatible and have a faster data transfer rate.

Choose SFP+ Modules and Cables Effectively

Choosing the best type of SFP+ transceivers and cables is not always easy. You can approach the selection process by reviewing the device as a single entity or you can explore the fiber cable separately. In order to select SFP+ modules and cables effectively, it is important to know the standards set forth by the IEEE 802.3 committee. According to the IEEE 802.3 standard, the 10 Gigabit Ethernet has been ratified and is compatible with MMF and SMF transceivers. which means that the signals can maintain their signal integrity when transmitting long distances. This article will give some tips that help you make a good selection for your SFP+ modules and cables.

Ensure They are Interchangeable or Hot-Swappable

Never underestimate the power of SFP+ modules that are hot-swappable or interchangeable. They can reduce expenditures for companies, especially when devices fail prematurely because they do not have to completely shut down the system to replace the device. This is why it is so important to find SFP+ modules that are hot-swappable in order to avoid complete redesigns and the exorbitant costs associated with the practice. When the SFP+ modules have more flexibility and functionality, it can save more money and time.

Select SFP+ Modules and Cables to Optimize Your Design

SFP+ modules and cables can be used to optimize your design. Some of the best transceivers designers often choose are Cisco SFP-10G-SR compatible 10GBASE-SR SFP+ transceivers provided by Fiberstore. This type of SFP+ module is for duplex optical data communications in 10Gbit/s data transmission applications at 850 nm .Besides, there are several high density modules that are combined with high density modules to deliver exceptional performance. Many people are unaware of the functionality of these modules, but when they are incorporated, they seem to perform well.  

Verify Device Compatibility and Compliance

Compatibility and compliance are two of the primary issues that need to be resolved in order to achieve an optimal design. To have optimal operability, designs must be able to interact and be compatible with other protocols such as Ethernet, SONET/SDH/OTN, fiber channel, and PON standards.

Know the Types of SFP+ Cables and Adapters Available for Use

There are all types of SFP+ cables available for use including the SFP+ direct attach cables, SFP active copper cables, and SFP+ Loopback Adapter Modules. When you know which is the best, you’ll choose the best cable and adapter for your design. Both passive and active SFP+ devices are available in addition to other various devices. These devices can add significant functionality to a design if they are incorporated according to the specifications and designs. Ask an expert and select the device that is best for your particular design.

Select the Device That Delivers Optimal Speeds

Efficient and fast devices are recommended for the best results. If you want to achieve optimal results, you should consider selecting the best device for the optimal speeds. There are different types of devices that support various transmission speeds, helping you achieve your desired efficiency levels.

SFP+ optical transceivers are growing in popularity because they are affordable and also efficient. They complement any design as long as the appropriate type is selected. Otherwise, signals will degrade over long distances if an inappropriate SFP+ module is chosen. Where to buy reliable and high quality SFP+ transceivers? As the main manufacturer and supplier in China, Fiberstore provides a complete range of SFP+ transceiver modules which can be customized. In addition, we also provide compatible SFP+ transceivers as alternatives to those branded by Cisco (such as CVR-X2-SFP10G), HP, Juniper Networks etc. 

How to Install and Remove SFP Transceivers

The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for telecommunication and data communications. The form factor and electrical interface are specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA). It interfaces a network device motherboard (for a switch, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic or copper networking cable. SFP transceivers can support SONET, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and other communications standards. SFP transceivers are upgraded from the traditional version with more flexibility but a smaller size.

Sometimes you may encounter the affairs like installing or removing fiber-optic SFP modules with cables attached. In fact, this is wrong. Because that way may cause damage to the cables, the cable connector, or the optical interfaces in the SFP module. Disconnect all cables before removing or installing an SFP module. Followings are some tips when installing and removing SFP transceivers.

Installing SFP Transceivers

The following steps tell how to install SFP transceivers:
1. Attach an ESD-preventive wrist strap to your wrist and to the ESD ground connector or a bare metal surface on your chassis. SFP modules are static sensitive. Wear an ESD-preventive wrist strap so that it can prevent ESD damage.
2. Remove the dust cap and save for future use.
3. Insert the SFP module into the socket. The orientation of an SFP module within a switch varies according to the SFP module port. Be sure that the SFP module is in the right position before inserting.
4. Observe the LED. If the LED turns green, it means the transceiver and the device establishes link successfully. While if the LED is off, there may be an installing problem with the adapter.

Removing SFP Transceivers

To remove a SFP transceiver (see the picture), you should the following procedures  keep in mind:
1. Attach an ESD-preventive wrist strap to your wrist and to a bare metal surface on the chassis.
2. Disconnect the network cable from the SFP transceiver.
3. Remove the SFP transceiver carefully from the module slot.
4. Place the removed the SFP module in a static shielding bag.

In addition, to connect 1000BASE-T SFP transceiver modules (such as HP J8177C SFP transceiver) to a copper network, follow these substeps: insert the Category 5 network cable RJ-45 connector into the SFP transceiver module RJ-45 connector. And then insert the other end of the network cable into an RJ-45 connector on a 1000BASE-T compatible target device. When connecting to a 1000BASE-T-compatible server, workstation, or router, use four twisted-pair, straight-through Category 5 cabling for the SFP transceiver module port.  

Do not remove the dust plugs from the fiber-optic SFP module port or the rubber caps from the fiber-optic cable until you are ready to connect the cable. The plugs and caps protect the SFP module ports and cables from contamination and ambient light.

The above is about the installation and removing of a SFP transceiver. But keep in mind that removing and installing an SFP module can shorten its useful life. Therefore, do not remove and insert SFP modules more often than is absolutely necessary.